Stanford Health Policy is a joint effort of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and the Stanford School of Medicine
Sherri Rose
By Tara Templin
Prisons of the former Soviet Union (FSU) have high rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and are thought to drive general population tuberculosis (TB) epidemics. Effective prison case detection, though employing more expensive technologies, may reduce long-term treatment costs and slow MDR-TB transmission.
Context The effect of global health initiatives on population health is uncertain. Between 2003 and 2008, the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the largest initiative ever devoted to a single disease, operated intensively in 12 African focus countries. The initiative's effect on all-cause adult mortality is unknown.
Objective To determine whether PEPFAR was associated with relative changes in adult mortality in the countries and districts where it operated most intensively.
Background: Prisons of the former Soviet Union (FSU) have high rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and are thought to drive general population tuberculosis (TB) epidemics. Effective prison case detection, though employing more expensive technologies, may reduce long-term treatment costs and slow MDR-TB transmission.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether children in rural areas have worse health than children in urban areas after liver transplantation (LT). STUDY DESIGN: We used urban influence codes published by the US Department of Agriculture to categorize 3307 pediatric patients undergoing LT in the United Network of Organ Sharing database between 2004 and 2009 as urban or rural. Allograft rejection, patient death, and graft failure were used as primary outcome measures of post-LT health.
Background: Pediatric liver transplant patients are at increased risk of post transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) from Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection or reactivation after transplantation. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of induction and immunosuppression levels on the development of EBV viremia post transplantation. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on 104 patients less than 18 years of age who underwent isolated liver transplantation (LT) between 2000-2008 at Lucile Packard Childrens Hospital at Stanford University.